Skin Brightening Kojic Acid, MAP Vitamin C, Alpha Arbutin, Niacinamide

--------------
Kojic Acid:

Kojic Acid was discovered as a natural product derived from a mushroom in Japan in 1989. It has been successfully used to lighten pigment spots and skin discoloration.  

Kojic acid can produce excellent effects in evenly toning the skin and fighting age spots. It is a 98% pure and natural material. Kojic acid may help diminish or eliminate sun freckles or other dark spots!

-Eliminate skin blemishes-Reduce age spots, fine lines, and acne scars.

-Freckles-All people have pigment-producing cells in our skin called melanocytes that produce melanin, which our skin uses to shield itself from the sun and other environmental hazards. While this pigment protects us from the sun, our melanocytes can become damaged if our skin receives too much sun exposure. The result of damaged melanocytes is often an abundance of melanin fed into the dermis. This process results in small brown spots called freckles. Kojic acid fights freckles topically by countering the melanin in the area.

--------------------
MAP Vitamin C:

MAP Vitamin C is a water-soluble, non-irritating, stable derivative of Vitamin C. It has the same potential as Vitamin C to boost skin collagen synthesis but is effective in significantly lower concentrations. It is more stable than L-Ascorbic Acid and is as effective as Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid) to boost skin collagen synthesis but is effective in significantly lower concentrations. Because of those reasons, MAP has rapidly gained popularity in skin care.

When comparing MAP with Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid), it is important to note that MAP may be more suitable for people with sensitive skin and those wishing to avoid any exfoliating effects, as some Vitamin C formulas are highly acidic (and therefore produce exfoliating effects). In skin care products, MAP Vitamin C is also used for UV protection and repair, collagen production, skin lightening and brightening, and as an anti-inflammatory. It is also a potent antioxidant. It is considered an excellent non-irritating skin whitening agent that inhibits skin cells that produce melanin while lightening age spots, and is a great alternative to Quinone.

-------------------
Alpha Arbutin:

Alpha-Arbutin(4-Hydroxyphenyl-a-D-glucopyranoside) is a pure, water soluble. biosynthetic active ingredient. Alpha-Arbutin blocks epidermal melanin synthesis by inhibiting enzymatic oxidation of Tyrosine and Dopa. 
Alpha Arbutin has fewer side effects than hydroquinone of similar concentrations - presumably due to the more gradual release. It is a more effective, faster, and safer approach to promoting skin - brightening and an even skin tone for all skin types. Alpha Arbutin also minimizes the appearance of liver spots and meets all the requirements of a modern skin-brightening and skin depigmentation product. 
Alpha Arbutin is a gentle but powerful lightening agent that comes from the bearberry tree. It brings the benefits of strong melanin inhibitors such as hydroquinone, but without the odor, toxicity, and potential side-effects. Alpha Arbutin is quite simply a natural and effective alternative to other skin lightening chemical.

What it does:

-Reduces fine lines and wrinkles

-Hydrates and firms skin

-Evens skin tone(removes dark or brown spots)

----------------------------------
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide):

Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) is the water soluble form of niacin, an essential vitamin for healthy cell metabolism and is part of the B group. Vitamin B3 Niacinamide is a highly active, safe, and non-irritating cosmeceutical ingredient. Niacinamide is an excellent way to reduce the appearance of spots and can highlight your natural complexion! 

-Demonstrated anti-inflammatory actions that may be of benefit to inflammatory conditions including acne. 

-Studies have shown topical niacinamide to be effective in improving skin texture, evening out skin tone and improves appearance of aged and photodamaged skin.

-Effective active agent with anti-wrinkle properties, reducing the severity of fine lines by stimulating collagen, the connective tissue responsible for skin suppleness.

----------------------
Hyaluronic Acid:

Hyaluronic acid, also known as HA, is a natural compound found in skin that has many important functions, including holding in moisture, providing cushioning, adding in tissue repair, and holding together the skin's structural components (collagen and elastin). Topical products containing hyaluronic acid are effective at moisturizing surface skin cells.

-Moisturizing: Hyaluronic acid holds moisture well-holding up to 1000 times its weight in water. Hyaluronic acid functions not only to deliver water to the skin, but also to hold it there.

-Wrinkles: The loss of natural hyaluronic acid is one of the primary causes of wrinkles, so the idea of putting HA back into the skin to repair wrinkles makes sense! By reducing wrinkles, your skin looks younger and evens out skin tone, making it look smooth and supple.

-Safety: Hyaluronic acid based products are considered highly safe.